For centuries, the nature of the brain was shrouded in mystery. Aristotle is said to have 1 it was a cold sponge, whose main task was to 2 the blood. Later, Leonardo da Vinci 3 the brain as a curious void filled by three tiny bulbous structures 4 in a straight line. 5 the eyeball.Not all early theories were quite so misguided, 6 . From the first studies 7 language deficits, it was 8 that the brain played some direct part in language use. In 1836, an 9 French country doctor, Max Dax, claimed that, in forty aphasic patients he had seen, 10 of language ability always 11 with damage to the left half of the brain. Thirty years later, this claim was 12 proved by the French surgeon Paul Broca. He had studied aphasic 13 in patients who were found to have brain damage 14 the left frontal lobe. Broca was struck by the contrast with right hemisphere damage, 15 seemed to have little effect on speech. The area Broca isolated and the aphasia associated with it now 16 his name, “Broca’s Aphasia”.Ten years after Broca’s 17 , Karl Wernicke, a young researcher in Germany, made another startling 18 , which ultimately 19 him to propose not just a new language area but an overall theory of 20 language is handled in the brain.1. A. invented B. imagined C. thought D. speculated2. A. cool B. warm C. filter D. purify3. A. analyzed B. arranged C. represented D. disclosed4. A. paralleled B. arranged C. allocated D. dispatched5. A. above B. under C. beneath D. behind6. A. anyhow B. however C. consequently D. notwithstanding7. A. on B. to C. at D. with8. A. proposed B. explored C. suspended D. suspected9. A. anonymous B. eloquent C. obscure D. intelligent10. A. defect B. loss C. failure D. descent11. A. correlated B. cooperated C. responded D. involved12. A. drastically B. dramatically C. simultaneously D.enthusiastically13. A. reactions B. reflections C. phenomena D. symptoms14. A. to B. in C. on D. of15. A. it B. that C. which D. what16. A. flare B. wear C. share D. bear17. A. achievement B. discovery C. research D. contribution18. A. hypothesis B. illustration C. breakthrough D. penetration19. A. set B. bet C. let D. led20. A. how B. where C. why D. when
Health officials in western Siberia are to begin in slaughter of thousands of birds today after identifying Russia's first outbreak of a bird flu strain that can be fatal in humans. Doctors in neighboring Kazakhstan have also 1 that a 19-year-old poultry worker 2 admitted to hospital with 3 of bird flu, only to be diagnosed 4 double pneumonia.The H5N1 strain of avian 5 has killed 60 people 6 2003 in Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia and Indonesia, but has rarely been found in birds or humans 7 Asia.Health officials 8 that H5N1 is infecting migrating birds, which could spread the 9 into Europe. Earlier this year China registered the first outbreak of HSN1 10 wild birds, some of which 11 to breeding grounds in Siberia. These birds could come 12 contact with others flying to Europe and North America.Russia’s 13 began in the Novosibirsk 14 , about 1,750 miles 15 of Moscow in the Asian part of Russia, early last month, but the veterinary service 16 the virus only last week. Valery Mikheyev, the chief sanitary doctor of Novosibirsk, said that teams had been 17 the 18 birds and supervising the slaughter in 13 19 villages. He said, “The state of 20 of the inhabitants of these areas gives no cause for alarm. Up to 6,000 people are being checked per day.1. A. doubted B. confirmed C. suspected D. predicted2. A. was B. became C. got D. turned3. A. things B. marks C. symptoms D. brands4. A. for B. toward C. from D. as5. A. vaccine B. flu C. virus D. bacteria6. A. in B. since C. till D. for7. A. inside B. to C. outside D. into8. A. agree B. hold C. wonder D. fear9. A. disease B. sickness C. virus D. bacterium10. A. among B. between C. in D. with11. A. went B. migrated C. came D. fled12. A. at B. through C. into D. despite13. A. occurrence B. emergence C. advent D. outbreak14. A. region B. city C. town D. place15. A. west B. north C. south D. east16. A. identified B. detected C. discovered D. created17. A. sending B. collecting C. giving D. killing18. A. living B. surviving C. dead D. lingering19. A. affected B. far C. remote D. unrelated20. A. illness B. health C. emergence D. expedience
Literature is a form of art that can be enjoyed without formal instruction. However, people with 1 knowledge of literature may miss a lot 2 reading a novel, short story, poem, play, or 3 . These readers are comparable to the 4 at a football game who watch the game and 5 it without really understanding the complex movements 6 on the field. Although they may enjoy the 7 , many spectators watch only the ball 8 missing the contribution of other members 9 the total play as well as the intricacies occurring within the 10 . A person who understands football 11 better yet has played the game－is more capable 12 judging when a team is playing well or 13 and is also likely to enjoy a “good” game more. The 14 is true of reading literature. Most people have read numerous 15 works, but many do not understand or 16 the author’s skill in communicating. This book 17 intended to help you learn to 18 attentions not on what happens. But on 19 it happens and how the author has 20 it－to analyze and evaluate literary works so that you can fully experience and appreciate them.1. A. abundant B. informal C. necessary D. limited2. A. if B. when C. by D. upon3. A. fiction B. poetry C. essay D. art4. A. audience B. spectators C. coaches D. players5. A. 1ike B. appreciate C. enjoy D. evaluate6. A. happened B. taken place C. going D. occurring7. A. game B. scene C. work D. art8. A. somewhat B. entirely C. perhaps D. generally9. A. of B. within C. to D. about10. A. offence B. game C. defense D. team11. A. but B. even C. and D. or12. A. of B. to C. in D. for13. A. skillfully B. successfully C. poorly D. badly14. A. same B. reason C. other D. sport15. A. athletic B. literature C. football D. literary16. A. realize B. appreciate C. like D. recognize17. A. will be B. has been C. is D. was18. A. pay B. call C. draw D. concentrate19. A. why B. where C. how D. when20. A. narrated B. presented C. maintained D. explained
Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors: mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make 1 the manufacture of more goods with 2 workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called “the Second 3 Revolution.Labor’s concern 4 automation 5 from uncertainty about its effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labor has 6 the view that 7 to technological change is futile. In the long run, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, 8 and repairing automation equipment. Unquestionably, 9 , there will be major shifts in jobs within plants, and displacement of labor from one industry to another. The interest of labor lies in 10 this transition with a 11 of inconvenience and distress 12 workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower cost by automation should be shared by workers in the 13 of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the 14 of supplementary unemployment benefits plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in a SUB plan has a direct financial stake in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong 15 for planning new installation so as to cause the least possible disruption in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiting that permanently. 16 off workers be paid a sum of money based on 17 of service. Another approach is the idea of the “improvement factor”, which calls 18 wage increases based on increased in 19 . It is probable, however, that labor will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the 20 of automation.1. A. possible B. probable C. necessary D. acceptable2. A. few B. fewer C. many D. more3. A. Automation B. Industrial C. Industrialized D. Industrious4. A. in B. upon C. over D. with5. A. rises B. arises C. arouses D. evokes6. A. taken B. got C. gained D. used7. A. struggle B. resistance C. objection D. unfavor8. A. conserving B. storing C. maintaining D. preserving9. A. however B. somehow C. nevertheless D. conversely10. A. bringing about B. bringing out C. reduction D. limitation12. A. for B. upon C. about D. to13. A. term B. approach C. access D. from14. A. promotion B. support C. decrease D. discouragement15. A. encouragement B. stimulation C. incentive D. interest16. A. lain B. lay C. lied D. laid17. A. span B. term C. length D. period18. A. at B. on C. up D. for19. A. production B. productivity C. industry D. manufacture20. A. results B. fruits C. consequences D. essence
What is the substance of discovery? Can we obtain the experience of 1 who discover and make their work generally 2 or must each generation of scientists and inventors 3 again? Why do some scientists burn out 4 young while others remain creative 5 old age? Why are so many discoveries and inventions 6 by those who work in poorly funded institutions? 7 scientists have no idea how they do science 8 historians of science have no idea how scientists do science, then who does?The strange thing is that we 9 as if discovery were the inevitable by-product 10 well-organized research programs and as if the 11 management techniques appropriate to 12 bridges, motorways and power stations were 13 to the generation of new ideas. We 14 of cost effective science and of 15 resources into centers of excellence. By 16 such ideas to their conclusion, however, we 17 reduce the gene bank of cultural diversity to such a（n） 18 that we would produce only scientific clones-specialist technicians at 19 whose imaginative powers, never awaked. 20 , planned research is essential, and scared resources need saving but, since science is essentially a journey into the unknown, there must be a place for occasional detours to examine the unexpected.1. A. them B. which C. those D. people2. A. available B. free C. open D. convenient3. A. absorb B. learn C. practice D. understand4. A. at B. by C. from D. when5. A. into B. as C. even if D. though6. A. collected B. made C. caused D. produced7. A. when B. Since C. If D. As8. A. yet B. but C. also D. and9. A. act B. function C. appear D. perform10. A. in B. by C. of D. for11. A. aim B. project C. assignment D. activity12. A. build B. building C. building of D. the building13. A. applicable B. right C. accurate D. just14. A. consider B. argue C. talk D. examine15. A. fastening B. making C. fixing D. concentrating16. A. observing B. chasing C. following D. obeying17. A. might B. must C. should D. can18. A. range B. spread C. stretch D. extent19. A. last B. large C. best D. length20. A. However B. Of course C. In addition D. Besides
Though many television programs are very trivial, all channels have many admirable features, which make the best 1 use of this new 2 and wonderful entertainment and information, not to mention intellectual 3 . More than anything else, television drama 4 special mention. It may be difficult to go to a theater, but people who stay at home have 5 opportunity for seeing good plus 6 produced for television, as well as good programs of criticism. The remarkable growth in the circulation of the good-quality Sunday newspapers, and the 7 of some of their less admirable rivals, indicates an improvement of the public taste, and although the development of education may have something to do with this it seems likely that television is 8 responsible too. 9 the other side there may be 10 for serious concern about the probable negative effects of some television programs 11 scenes of violence and crime are presented. The criminals are confident, well dressed, daring and dominant. The women are attractive, the men successful in 12 their admiration.It would be absurd to 13 television wholly for the increase in crime in the last two decades. 14 may be observed that some anti-social people, young and old, have not seen much television violence, and that vast numbers of addicts of crime-and-violence films 15 themselves; but such statistical 16 do not prove anything. 17 is dear is that the increase in 18 with portrayals, of negative behavior as interesting behavior has 19 with an actual increase in anti-social behavior. There seems to be enough evidence to suggest that a great restraint over a long period in such portrayals 20 a worthwhile experiment.1. A. probable B. likely C. possible D. liable2. A. mean B. medium C. source D. instrument3. A. pursuit B. resource C. interest D. appeal4. A. earns B. reserves C. worth D. deserves5. A. ample B. comparable C. accessible D. available6. A. peculiarly B. exclusively C. specially D. principally7. A. decline B. popularity C. reputation D. attraction8. A. sufficiently B. moderately C. partly D. vainly9. A. From B. By C. On D. In10. A. places B. room C. rooms D. possible11. A. on which B. from which C. in which D. of which12. A. appealing B. acquiring C. engaging D. winning13. A. disapprove B. charge C. accuse D. blame14. A. This B. That C. It D. What15. A. enact B. behave C. conceive D. perform16. A. findings B. discoveries C. numbers D. consequences17. A. It B. As C. What D. Which18. A. experience B. popularity C. knowledge D. familiarity19. A. collaborated B. configured C. matched D. coincided20. A. was B. be C. might be D. were
Is there something as truth? For good many centuries “the search for truth” has been 1 the noblest activity of the human mind, but the seekers after truth have come to such 2 conclusions that it often seems that very little progress has been made. 3 , there are many people who feel that we are actually going backward 4 our knowledge. They 5 , often contemptuously, that we have more “knowledge” than our ancestors, but they think we are farther from the truth than ever, or even that we have 6 the truth that we once possessed.If people look for anything long enough without finding it, the question naturally arises 7 the thing is really there to find. You have seen a picture of an animal with a lion’s head, a goat’s body, and a serpent’s tall and maybe an eagle’s wings for good 8 . There is plenty of evidence that each part of this animal 9 -but there is no 10 evidence that the parts ever occur in this combination. It is at least 11 that the seekers after “truth” have made a similar mistake and invented a（n） 12 combination.It is 13 to consider that the noun truth comes from the adjective true, and that the Latin world for truth, verities, also comes form an adjective, versus. In both languages the notion of true accurate, 14 to facts-seems to have developed before the notion of truth. We cannot definitely prove this, 15 even older words meaning “truth” may have been forgotten, but it seems 16 . If you want to find out whether a man has told the truth, you 17 his words with facts. If they 18 , you decide that his statement was true. You may then say either that his words were true or that he spoke the truth－but you cannot simply 19 words to find out whether there is something called truth in them. Your second statement is merely a grammatical 20 of the first.1. A. regarded B. considered C. pondered D. referred2. A. illegal B. identical C. different D. profound3. A. However B. Nevertheless C. In fact D. In contrast4. A. to abandon B. to derive C. to enrich D. to accumulate5. A. confess B. realize C. admit D. reveal6. A. found B. missed C. lost D. enriched7. A. while B. that C. when D. whether8. A. measure B. luck C. reason D. sense9. A. endures B. exists C. prevails D. emerges10. A. appropriate B. unique C. reliable D. dependent11. A. informative B. thoughtful C. considerable D. conceivable12. A. unbelievable B. imaginary C. impressive D. idealized13. A. enlightening B. delighting C. refreshing D. distressing14. A. conforming B. complying C. matching D. resembling15. A. although B. since C. if D. therefore16. A. reasonable B. inevitable C. incredible D. distinguish17. A. Separate B. discern C. compare D. distinguish18. A. suit B. fit C. vary D. identify19. A. survey B. audit C. examine D. investigate20. A. distinction B. deformation C. specification D. variation
There is a general expectation that teachers can spot talented children and do something for them. But studies have 1 that teachers do not always 2 gifted children, even those 3 academic talent. In fact, they 4 to identify from 10 to 50 percent of their gifted students.The first 5 in identifying gifted students is determining the 6 for finding them. If we want to 7 a group of students for a（n） 8 mathematics class, our approach would be different than 9 , we are looking for students with high talent 10 a creative-writing program.Specific program needs requirements, then, 11 the identification process. Subjective evaluation-teacher 12 , parent referral-should be 13 by standardized tests and other 14 measures of ability. Any 15 for identifying gifted children in a school system should 16 both subjective and objective methods of 17 . Classroom behavior, for example, can point 18 children’s ability to organize and use materials and reveal their potential for processing information better than 19 a test situation. Many aspects of creativity and verbal fluency are also best 20 in a classroom or informal setting.1. A. expressed B. shown C. approved D. confirmed2. A. prefer B. admit C. recognize D. encounter3. A. for B. of C. without D. with4. A. fail B. tend C. try D. promise5. A. method B. step C. phase D. aim6. A. approach B. process C. reason D. procedure7. A. signify B. choose C. specify D. organize8. A. enforced B. innovated C. extended D. advanced9. A. if B. when C. that D. whom10. A. to B. for C. in D. on11. A. shape B. complete C. modify D. regulate12. A. grading B. decision C. judgement D. motivation13. A. classified B. determined C. improved D. checked14. A. subjective B. objective C. persuasive D. effective15. A. program B. class C. plan D. project16. A. constitute B. sustain C. include D. embody17. A. revelation B. examination C. evaluation D. recognition18. A. to B. up C. at D. out19. A. can B. does C. take D. give20. A. qualified B. trained C. highlighted D. observed
Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an 1 should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, 2 , most people make several job choices during their working lives, 3 because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their position. The “one perfect job” does not 4 . Young people should 5 enters into a broad flexible training program that will 6 them for a field of work rather than for a single 7 .Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 8 benefit of help from an 9 vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing 10 about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss basis. Some 11 from job to job. Others 12 to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.One common mistake is choosing an occupation for 13 real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school students-or their parents for them-choose the professional field, 14 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal 15 . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a white-collar job is no good 16 for choosing it as life’s work. 17 , these occupations are not always well-paid, since a large 18 of jobs are in mechanical and manual work. The 19 of young people should give serious 20 to these fields.1. A. identification B. entertainment C. accommodation D. occupation2. A. however B. thus C. though D. thereby3. A. entirely B. mainly C. partly D. possibly4. A. fade B. vanish C. survive D. exist5. A. since B. therefore C. furthermore D. for6. A. make B. fit C. take D. leave7. A. job B. way C. means D. company8. A. with B. for C. without D. to9. A. competent B. competitive C. aggressive D. effective10. A. little B. few C. much D. more11. A. turn B. drift C. leave D. float12. A. apply B. appeal C. stick D. turn13. A. our B. its C. your D. their14. A. concerning B. following C. considering D. disregarding15. A. preferences B. requirements C. tendencies D. ambitions16. A. resource B. background C. reason D. basis17. A. So B. Nevertheless C. But D. Moreover18. A. rate B. thickness C. proportion D. density19. A. majority B. minimum C. minority D. multitude20. A. proposal B. suggestion C. consideration D. appraisal
Who talks more, women or men? The seemingly contradictory evidence is 1 by the difference what I call public and private speaking. More men feel comfortable doing “public speaking”, 2 more women feel comfortable doing “private” speaking. Another way of capturing these differences is by using the 3 report-talk and rapport （协调关系）-talk.For most women, the language of conversations is 4 a language of rapport: a way of establishing connections and negotiating relationships. Emphasis is 5 on displaying similarities and 6 experiences. From childhood, girls criticize peers who try to 7 or appear better than others. People feel their closest connections at home, or 8 setting 9 they feel at home-with one or a few people they feel close 10 and comfortable about-in other words, during private speaking. But 11 the most public situations can be approached like private speaking.For most men, talk is primarily a means to 12 independence and negotiate and maintain status in a hierarchical social order. 13 is done by exhibiting knowledge and skill, and by 14 center stage through verbal performance such as storytelling, joking, or 15 information. From childhood, men learn to use talking as a way to get and keep 16 . 17 they are more comfortable speaking in larger groups 18 people they know less well, in the broadest 19 , “public speaking”. But even the most private situations can be approached like public speaking, more like giving a report 20 establishing rapport.1. A. compromised B. reckoned C. reinforced D. reconciled2. A. when B. while C. since D. if3. A. dictation B. descriptions C. terms D. preface4. A. regularly B. specifically C. approximately D. primarily5. A. placed B. based C. positioned D. founded6. A. communicating B. contrasting C. paralleling D. matching7. A. figure out B. stand out C. show around D. make out8. A. on B. at C. under D. in9. A. what B. where C. which D. that10. A. to B. by C. with D. of11. A. even B. even C. though D. despite12. A. preserve B. reserve C. conserve D. persevere13. A. What B. This C. Which D. How14. A. holding B. exhibiting C. standing D. playing15. A. distinguishing B. transporting C. discriminating D. imparting16. A. attention B. fascination C. demonstration D. status17. A. Still B. But C. Yet D. So18. A. made up of B. consisted of C. accommodated by D. formed by19. A. way B. sense C. scope D. range20. A. rather than B. more than C. less than D. than
